Glutamine alpha-ketoglutarate (GAKG) is sometimes used in clinical settings to support patients undergoing chemotherapy, primarily with the goal of reducing side effects like mucositis and gastrointestinal discomfort. The rationale behind its use is based on the role of glutamine as a conditionally essential amino acid during times of metabolic stress, such as chemotherapy. Glutamine serves as a fuel source for rapidly dividing cells, including those of the gastrointestinal tract, and can help maintain mucosal integrity.

Some clinical studies have investigated the effects of oral glutamine supplementation (not always specifically alpha-ketoglutarate form) in reducing the severity and duration of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, however, have produced mixed results. A few studies report modest benefits in reducing mucosal injury and improving patient-reported outcomes, while others show no statistically significant difference compared to placebo. The evidence base for GAKG specifically is limited, as many studies focus on glutamine alone rather than the alpha-ketoglutarate salt.

Major oncology guidelines (such as those from ASCO or NCCN) do not universally recommend glutamine or GAKG supplementation for chemotherapy side effect management due to inconsistent evidence and concerns about potential tumor metabolism stimulation. Overall, the use of glutamine alpha-ketoglutarate for this indication is supported by limited scientific evidence, with a need for more rigorous, large-scale clinical trials.