Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Carotenoids, a class of naturally occurring pigments found in plants (such as beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene), have been investigated for their antioxidant properties and potential to mitigate the side effects of chemotherapy. Scientific interest stems from their ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which is heightened in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Several preclinical and small clinical studies suggest that carotenoids may help reduce mucositis (inflammation of mucous membranes), protect healthy cells, and support immune function during chemotherapy. For example, some trials have observed decreased incidence or severity of oral mucositis in patients supplemented with beta-carotene. However, the evidence is mixed. Notably, large-scale randomized controlled trials are limited, and some studies have raised concerns about possible interactions between antioxidants and chemotherapy drugs, potentially reducing treatment efficacy. Moreover, high-dose carotenoid supplementation (especially beta-carotene) has been associated with increased cancer risk in some populations, such as smokers. Overall, while there is a scientific rationale and some supportive evidence for carotenoids reducing certain chemotherapy side effects, the current clinical evidence is not robust. Major oncology guidelines do not universally recommend their use during chemotherapy, and further research is needed to clarify benefits, optimal dosing, and safety. Patients should consult healthcare providers before using carotenoid supplements alongside chemotherapy.

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