Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Bifidobacterium (mixed strains) has scientific evidence supporting its use in reducing certain side effects of chemotherapy, particularly gastrointestinal (GI) complications such as diarrhea and mucositis. Chemotherapy-induced damage to the gut lining often leads to dysbiosis (an imbalance in gut microbiota), which is associated with increased GI symptoms. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have shown that probiotic supplementation, including Bifidobacterium species (sometimes in combination with Lactobacillus), can help maintain intestinal barrier function, reduce inflammation, and decrease the incidence and severity of diarrhea and mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

For example, a 2018 meta-analysis in Supportive Care in Cancer found that probiotics significantly reduced the risk and severity of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, with Bifidobacterium-containing products among those tested. Mechanistically, Bifidobacterium is thought to support mucosal integrity, modulate immune responses, and outcompete pathogenic bacteria that flourish during chemotherapy-related dysbiosis.

However, the quality of studies varies, with some heterogeneity in probiotic strains, dosages, and patient populations. While the evidence is promising—particularly for prevention of GI side effects—the use of Bifidobacterium (mixed) is not yet universal clinical practice, and further large-scale studies are warranted. Nonetheless, there is a moderate level of scientific support for its use in this context.

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