Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—have been studied for their potential to alleviate certain side effects associated with chemotherapy, particularly muscle wasting (cachexia), fatigue, and hepatic dysfunction. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that BCAAs may help preserve muscle mass in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, as these amino acids play a critical role in muscle protein synthesis and energy production. Some randomized controlled trials have shown that oral BCAA supplementation can attenuate muscle loss, improve protein balance, and enhance the nutritional status of cancer patients. Additionally, BCAAs have been used in patients with hepatic encephalopathy, a possible complication in those with liver metastases or chemotherapy-induced liver dysfunction, to improve cognitive function and reduce ammonia levels.

However, the evidence is mixed and not universally strong. While some trials report improved quality of life and reduced fatigue, others have found minimal or no benefit. The heterogeneity in cancer types, chemotherapy regimens, and study designs makes firm conclusions difficult. Current guidelines do not universally recommend BCAA supplementation for all chemotherapy patients, but it may be considered in cases at high risk for or experiencing significant muscle wasting or hepatic complications. Overall, there is scientific rationale and moderate clinical evidence for the use of BCAAs to reduce certain chemotherapy side effects, but larger, more definitive studies are needed.

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