The use of Bifidobacterium species to support or treat Celiac Disease is primarily justified by scientific investigation, although the level of evidence is still preliminary and not definitive. Research indicates that individuals with Celiac Disease often have an altered gut microbiota composition, including a notable reduction in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium species. Several small-scale human studies and animal models have shown that supplementation with Bifidobacterium (notably B. longum and B. breve) may help reduce inflammation, modulate immune responses, and improve gut barrier function in the context of gluten exposure.

For example, a randomized controlled trial (Smecuol et al., 2013) found that B. infantis supplementation in adults with Celiac Disease on a gluten-free diet resulted in decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Animal studies have shown that Bifidobacterium supplementation can reduce gliadin-induced gut permeability and immune activation. However, systematic reviews and meta-analyses conclude that while these findings are promising, the evidence remains limited due to small sample sizes, short durations, and variability in probiotic strains and endpoints.

In summary, Bifidobacterium is not a traditional remedy for Celiac Disease, but there is a scientific rationale and emerging evidence for its use as an adjunct to a gluten-free diet. More large-scale, well-controlled trials are needed to establish efficacy and optimal strains/dosing for this population.