Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Bifidobacterium species have been studied in relation to celiac disease primarily because of their role in gut microbiota modulation and their observed depletion in individuals with celiac disease. Several studies have shown that patients with untreated celiac disease have lower levels of Bifidobacterium in their intestinal microbiota compared to healthy controls. This has led to the hypothesis that supplementation with Bifidobacterium may help restore microbiota balance, reduce gut inflammation, and potentially support the intestinal barrier function in celiac disease patients.

A limited number of small randomized controlled trials and animal studies have examined the effects of Bifidobacterium supplementation in celiac disease. Some evidence suggests that specific strains, such as Bifidobacterium longum, may reduce markers of inflammation and improve gut barrier function in children with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet. However, clinical outcomes—such as gastrointestinal symptom improvement or prevention of disease progression—remain insufficiently studied. Importantly, most of the positive findings pertain to adjunctive support in individuals already following a gluten-free diet, rather than as a primary or alternative therapy.

Overall, while there is scientific rationale and early evidence for the use of Bifidobacterium in celiac disease, the evidence base is limited in quality and quantity. Large, well-conducted clinical trials are needed to clarify the efficacy and optimal strains. Thus, Bifidobacterium is used based on emerging scientific evidence, but current support is modest.

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