Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), particularly FGF-2 (basic FGF), are supported by substantial scientific evidence for their role in cartilage repair and regeneration. FGFs are a family of signaling proteins involved in a variety of developmental and healing processes, including angiogenesis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. In the context of cartilage damage, multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated that FGF-2 can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes—the cells responsible for producing cartilage matrix. Additionally, FGFs promote the synthesis of extracellular matrix components essential for cartilage integrity, such as proteoglycans and type II collagen.

Animal models of cartilage injury and osteoarthritis have shown that intra-articular (joint) administration of FGF-2 accelerates cartilage repair, improves histological scores, and enhances functional outcomes. Early-phase clinical trials have also begun to investigate the safety and efficacy of recombinant FGF-18 (sprifermin), which has demonstrated the ability to increase cartilage thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis, as measured by MRI.

While some challenges remain—such as optimizing delivery methods and understanding long-term effects—the use of FGFs in cartilage repair is grounded in a strong scientific rationale. The current evidence base supports their potential as therapeutic agents for cartilage damage, and ongoing clinical research continues to clarify their role in human patients.