Nobiletin is a polymethoxylated flavone primarily found in citrus peels. Research interest in nobiletin has grown due to its potential cardiovascular benefits, but the evidence is mostly preclinical. Animal studies and in vitro experiments have shown that nobiletin may exert several cardioprotective effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering actions. For example, studies in mice and rats have demonstrated that nobiletin can help reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation, decrease serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and improve endothelial function. These effects are thought to be mediated through modulation of signaling pathways such as NF-κB, PPARγ, and AMPK, leading to reduced inflammation and improved lipid metabolism.

However, despite these promising findings, robust clinical data in humans are lacking. There are currently no large-scale randomized controlled trials confirming nobiletin’s efficacy or safety in the management or prevention of cardiovascular disease in humans. Most evidence comes from laboratory research and animal models, which do not always translate directly to clinical benefit in people. Thus, while the use of nobiletin is supported by scientific rationale and preclinical data, its effectiveness for cardiovascular disease in humans has not yet been established. Further clinical research is necessary before nobiletin can be recommended for cardiovascular health beyond experimental or supplementary contexts.