Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

L-Carnitine and Cardiovascular Disease: Scientific Evidence

L-carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative involved in mitochondrial fatty acid transport and energy production. Its use in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is supported by moderate scientific evidence, primarily from clinical trials and meta-analyses. Several studies have investigated L-carnitine supplementation in patients with various forms of CVD, particularly chronic heart failure and after acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).

A meta-analysis published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings (2013) reviewed randomized controlled trials and found that L-carnitine supplementation was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality, ventricular arrhythmias, and angina in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Other research indicates that L-carnitine may improve exercise tolerance, symptoms, and left ventricular function in patients with chronic heart failure. The proposed mechanisms include enhanced energy production in heart cells, reduction of oxidative stress, and stabilization of cell membranes.

However, despite these positive findings, the overall quality and consistency of the evidence are moderate (rating 3/5). Some studies have yielded mixed or inconclusive results, and there is ongoing debate about the clinical significance of the benefits. In addition, concerns have been raised about potential adverse effects, such as the formation of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a compound linked to atherosclerosis, though the clinical relevance in humans is still uncertain.

In summary, L-carnitine is used to support cardiovascular health based on scientific evidence, but its benefits are best characterized as modest and should be weighed against potential risks.

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