Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major catechin found in green tea, and its use for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is primarily supported by scientific evidence, though the strength of the evidence is moderate. Multiple epidemiological studies have shown associations between green tea consumption and reduced risk of CVD, with EGCG believed to be a significant contributor. Mechanistically, EGCG exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and vasodilatory effects, all of which are relevant to cardiovascular health. It has been shown in animal and in vitro studies to reduce LDL cholesterol oxidation, suppress vascular inflammation, and improve endothelial function. Some small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans have demonstrated improvements in blood lipid profiles, blood pressure, and endothelial function with EGCG or green tea supplementation. However, results are not universally consistent, and larger, long-term clinical trials are lacking. Guidelines do not yet recommend EGCG as a standard treatment for CVD, but it is often promoted as a supplement for heart health based on this body of emerging evidence. In summary, while there is a plausible scientific rationale and some supportive human data, the evidence is not yet robust enough to warrant strong recommendations for EGCG as a primary therapy for cardiovascular disease.

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