Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been studied for its potential effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD), primarily due to its proposed influence on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Scientific interest began in the 1990s, driven by animal and in vitro studies that suggested CLA might reduce body fat and improve lipid profiles, both of which are risk factors for CVD. Some early animal studies showed that CLA supplementation could lower total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, while also increasing HDL cholesterol. Additionally, CLA was thought to have anti-inflammatory properties, which could theoretically reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation.

However, evidence in humans has been inconsistent and generally less promising. Most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans have found little or no benefit of CLA supplementation on major cardiovascular risk factors. Some studies have even reported that certain isomers of CLA may increase oxidative stress or inflammatory markers, potentially increasing CVD risk. Meta-analyses of RCTs have concluded that CLA supplementation does not significantly improve lipid profiles or reduce markers of cardiovascular risk in humans. Furthermore, clinical guidelines do not recommend CLA for the prevention or treatment of CVD.

In summary, while there is a scientific rationale and a body of preclinical research, the overall human evidence supporting the use of CLA to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease is weak, and its use cannot be currently recommended for this indication.

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