Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and astaxanthin, have been investigated for their potential role in supporting cardiovascular health due to their antioxidant properties. Epidemiological studies have shown that higher dietary intake of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The presumed mechanism involves the ability of carotenoids to reduce oxidative stress, inhibit LDL cholesterol oxidation, and modulate inflammatory responses, all of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and related conditions.

However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of carotenoid supplementation (as opposed to dietary intake) have yielded inconsistent results. Some intervention trials with beta-carotene supplements have failed to demonstrate a benefit for CVD prevention and, in certain populations (notably smokers), may even increase the risk. Other carotenoids like lycopene and lutein have shown more promising associations with CVD risk reduction in observational studies, but robust clinical trial data remain limited.

Therefore, while there is some scientific rationale and epidemiological evidence supporting a link between carotenoids and cardiovascular health, the evidence for using carotenoid supplements specifically to treat or prevent CVD is weak and not strongly validated by interventional studies. The primary recommendation remains to consume a diet rich in carotenoid-containing fruits and vegetables rather than relying on supplements.

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