Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body produced during states of low carbohydrate availability, such as fasting or ketogenic diets. Its use for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an emerging area of research, primarily based on preclinical and early clinical studies rather than established tradition or widespread clinical practice. Scientific investigations suggest that BHB may exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system by improving myocardial energetics, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating inflammation. For instance, some animal and cellular studies have shown that BHB can serve as an efficient myocardial fuel during heart failure, potentially improving cardiac function when glucose metabolism is impaired. In limited human studies, intravenous infusion of ketone bodies has been shown to improve cardiac output and efficiency in patients with heart failure.

However, robust clinical evidence is lacking. There are no large-scale randomized controlled trials confirming the long-term safety or efficacy of BHB supplementation in preventing or treating CVD. The current body of evidence is preliminary and mostly mechanistic, with small human studies or animal models providing the primary support. The overall quality and amount of evidence supporting BHB’s use in cardiovascular disease is therefore rated as low to moderate (2 out of 5). Further research is needed before BHB can be recommended for routine cardiovascular support or therapy.

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