Paris polyphylla, commonly known as "Chonglou" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has a long history of use in the treatment of carbuncles and other skin infections. According to classical TCM texts, the rhizome of Paris polyphylla is reputed for its heat-clearing, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is frequently incorporated into compound formulas aimed at treating "toxic swellings," abscesses, and carbuncles—conditions characterized by localized infection, swelling, and pus formation.

Modern pharmacological studies have identified several active constituents in Paris polyphylla, such as steroidal saponins (e.g., polyphyllin D), which exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in animal models. Some research has demonstrated inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogen in carbuncles. However, while these findings are promising, there is a lack of robust, high-quality clinical trials directly investigating the efficacy of Paris polyphylla in the treatment of carbuncles in humans. As such, the evidence base primarily consists of traditional usage supported by preliminary pharmacological data.

In summary, the use of Paris polyphylla for carbuncles is rooted in traditional medicine practices, with some scientific rationale based on laboratory studies. Nonetheless, clinical evidence remains limited, so its use is best characterized as traditional with moderate preclinical support.