Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Terpene lactones, particularly those found in Ginkgo biloba extract (such as ginkgolides and bilobalide), have scientific evidence supporting their use for supporting microcirculation, including capillary health. The primary mechanism attributed to terpene lactones is their ability to inhibit platelet-activating factor (PAF), which plays a role in blood viscosity, platelet aggregation, and capillary permeability. Through these actions, terpene lactones may enhance blood flow in small vessels and protect capillary integrity. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that standardized Ginkgo biloba extracts (which contain approximately 6% terpene lactones) can improve symptoms of peripheral vascular disease and cognitive deficits related to microvascular insufficiency. For example, studies have shown improvements in pain-free walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication and better capillary perfusion in subjects with cerebrovascular insufficiency. However, it should be noted that most studies use whole plant extracts standardized to both terpene lactones and flavonoids, making it difficult to attribute effects solely to terpene lactones. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews suggest moderate evidence for the efficacy of Ginkgo in supporting microcirculation and capillary function, but highlight variability in study design and extract standardization. Overall, while there is scientific validation for the use of terpene lactones (primarily from Ginkgo) in supporting capillary and microvascular health, the evidence is moderate rather than strong and is generally not for isolated terpene lactones but for standardized extracts.

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