Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins involved in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair. Their role in bone regeneration and fracture healing has been scientifically validated, primarily through preclinical and early clinical studies. FGFs, particularly FGF-2 (basic FGF), have been shown to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), enhance angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), and accelerate the repair and regeneration of bone tissue. Animal studies consistently demonstrate that applying FGF-2 to bone defects or fracture sites increases bone formation and improves mechanical strength of the healed bone.

Clinical studies, though fewer in number, have provided promising results. For example, topical application of recombinant human FGF-2 has been investigated in patients with long bone fractures and periodontal bone defects, showing improved bone healing and reduced healing times compared to controls. The mechanisms are thought to include activation of progenitor cells, increased vascularization, and modulation of inflammatory responses—all crucial for effective bone repair.

While FGFs are not yet a mainstream therapy for bone fractures, their use is supported by a growing body of scientific evidence, particularly in the context of complex or non-healing fractures. Ongoing clinical trials continue to assess their safety and efficacy, but current data justify a rating of 4/5 for scientific support.