Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitex agnus-castus, commonly known as chaste tree or chasteberry, has been traditionally used for a variety of gynecological conditions, including premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which often features breast swelling and tenderness (mastalgia). Modern scientific research provides moderate evidence supporting its efficacy in alleviating these symptoms. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have found that Vitex extract can significantly reduce cyclical breast pain and tenderness associated with PMS compared to placebo. The proposed mechanism involves modulation of the pituitary hormone prolactin, which plays a role in breast tissue sensitivity and fluid retention during the menstrual cycle. Vitex appears to exert a dopaminergic effect, leading to decreased prolactin release, which can help ameliorate breast symptoms.

Despite these findings, not all studies have demonstrated consistent results, and product formulations, dosing, and study quality vary. The evidence base is strongest for PMS-related symptoms, including mastalgia, but not for other causes of breast swelling or tenderness. There is general consensus among researchers and clinicians that Vitex agnus-castus is a reasonable herbal option for women experiencing cyclical breast discomfort as part of PMS, although more rigorous large-scale studies would help clarify optimal use and long-term safety.

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