Evidence supporting the use of: Chaste tree
For the health condition: Breasts (swelling and tenderness)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), sometimes called "chasteberry," is traditionally used to support women's reproductive health, especially for symptoms related to the menstrual cycle, such as breast swelling and tenderness (mastalgia). Scientifically, its use for cyclical breast pain is supported by several clinical studies and meta-analyses. The active compounds in chaste tree are believed to modulate prolactin secretion through dopaminergic effects on the pituitary gland. Elevated prolactin can contribute to premenstrual breast tenderness and swelling, and by reducing prolactin levels, chaste tree may alleviate these symptoms.

A 2016 systematic review (Carmichael et al., Phytotherapy Research) found that Vitex agnus-castus extracts were significantly more effective than placebo in reducing cyclical mastalgia. Other randomized controlled trials have shown comparable efficacy to standard treatments, such as bromocriptine, but with fewer side effects. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) recognizes chaste tree for the relief of premenstrual symptoms, including breast tenderness.

While not all studies are of high quality or consistent methodology, and the precise mechanisms are still under investigation, the overall evidence base supports the use of chaste tree for cyclical breast discomfort, giving it a moderate evidence rating. It is not typically recommended for non-cyclical breast pain or for conditions unrelated to the menstrual cycle.

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