Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lignans are a class of phytoestrogens—plant-derived compounds that have weak estrogen-like activity in the body. Their use in supporting or treating breast lumps, particularly benign breast conditions such as fibrocystic breast changes, is based on both epidemiological and mechanistic studies. Scientific evidence suggests that lignans, commonly found in flaxseed and other seeds, may influence estrogen metabolism and reduce circulating levels of biologically active estrogen, which could theoretically affect breast tissue proliferation. Some small clinical trials and observational studies have found that higher lignan intake is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, and limited studies have suggested a potential benefit in reducing breast pain and lumpiness in benign conditions. However, the evidence is not robust: most studies are small, observational, or use surrogate markers rather than direct measurement of breast lump resolution. There is insufficient evidence from large, randomized controlled trials to strongly support the use of lignans specifically for the treatment of breast lumps. Thus, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary data, the overall quality and quantity of evidence are modest.

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