Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) is scientifically validated as essential for normal blood clotting processes. It acts as a cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which is required for the post-translational modification of several clotting factors, including factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S, which are necessary for proper hemostasis. Deficiency in vitamin K leads to impaired synthesis of these clotting factors, resulting in an increased risk of bleeding. For this reason, vitamin K is routinely administered to newborns to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, and it is also used to treat or prevent vitamin K deficiency in adults, especially those on long-term antibiotics, with malabsorption syndromes, or undergoing anticoagulant therapy with warfarin (where vitamin K can reverse the effects of excessive anticoagulation).

However, it is important to clarify that vitamin K does not prevent the formation of blood clots; rather, it is essential for enabling normal clotting. In clinical practice, vitamin K is used to support clotting in situations of deficiency or warfarin overdose, rather than to prevent abnormal (unwanted) clot formation, such as in thrombosis. Extensive studies and clinical guidelines support its use in these contexts, earning it the highest level of evidence for its role in enabling physiological coagulation and preventing bleeding complications due to deficiency.

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