Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Sulfated polysaccharides, such as heparin and certain compounds derived from seaweeds (e.g., fucoidan from brown algae), have established scientific evidence supporting their use in the prevention of blood clots (anticoagulation). Heparin, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide, is a cornerstone anticoagulant drug used clinically to prevent and treat thromboembolic disorders. Its mechanism is well-understood: heparin enhances the activity of antithrombin III, which inhibits thrombin and factor Xa, key enzymes in the blood coagulation cascade, thereby reducing clot formation. Numerous clinical trials and decades of use affirm heparin’s efficacy and safety in hospital and outpatient settings.

Additionally, research on marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides, such as fucoidan and carrageenan, suggests they may possess anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity in vitro and in animal models, primarily by interfering with various steps in the coagulation cascade or platelet aggregation. However, while these compounds show promise, their clinical use is not established, and more studies in humans are needed.

In summary, the use of certain sulfated polysaccharides, particularly heparin, is scientifically validated for preventing blood clots, with robust evidence supporting their anticoagulant properties. Other sulfated polysaccharides are under investigation but are not yet in routine clinical use for this indication.

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