Evidence supporting the use of: Cranberry
For the health condition: Bladder Infection

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) has a long history of use for urinary tract health, especially in the context of preventing or managing bladder infections (urinary tract infections, UTIs). The scientific rationale behind this use centers on cranberry's content of proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are thought to inhibit the adherence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) to the lining of the urinary tract. By preventing bacterial adhesion, cranberry products may reduce the risk of infection development.

Numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses have examined the efficacy of cranberry juice and extracts for UTI prevention. Results are mixed, but several systematic reviews (such as those by the Cochrane Collaboration) suggest a modest benefit, particularly in women with recurrent UTIs. The effect appears to be less pronounced or not present in elderly populations and children. Importantly, cranberry is not considered an effective treatment for active bladder infections; antibiotics remain the standard of care for treating established infections.

Overall, cranberry products are generally regarded as safe and may be a useful adjunct or preventive strategy for select individuals at risk of recurrent bladder infections. However, the evidence is not robust enough to recommend cranberry as a sole preventive or therapeutic measure. The benefit is likely modest, and individuals considering cranberry supplementation should consult healthcare providers, particularly if they are on medications like warfarin, due to potential interactions.

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