Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Plantain (most commonly Plantago major or Plantago lanceolata) has a long history of traditional use for treating bites and stings, especially in European, Native American, and other folk medicine systems. The leaves are often crushed or chewed and applied directly to the affected area as a poultice. Traditional herbalists claim plantain soothes irritation, draws out toxins, and reduces inflammation.

Scientific research on plantain’s effectiveness for bites and stings is limited. Laboratory studies have shown that plantain leaves contain bioactive compounds such as aucubin, allantoin, and various phenolics, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Some in vitro studies demonstrate that plantain extracts can modulate inflammatory markers and promote tissue repair. However, there are few clinical trials specifically examining plantain’s efficacy in treating insect bites or stings in humans. Most support comes from anecdotal reports and historical texts rather than controlled scientific studies.

In summary, the use of plantain for bites and stings is primarily supported by traditional medicine and folklore, with some plausible mechanisms suggested by laboratory research, but a lack of strong clinical evidence. Therefore, the evidence rating is moderate but not robust.

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