Evidence supporting the use of: Transforming growth factor beta
For the health condition: Autoimmune Disorders

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in the regulation of immune responses, cell growth, and tissue repair. Its immunosuppressive properties have garnered significant scientific interest for the potential treatment of autoimmune disorders, where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. Preclinical studies in animal models have shown that TGF-β can suppress the activation and proliferation of immune cells, particularly T cells, and promote the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmunity.

In various experimental autoimmune disease models, administration or upregulation of TGF-β has been shown to reduce disease severity, suggesting therapeutic potential. For example, in mouse models of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis), TGF-β administration has been correlated with reduced inflammation and demyelination. Similar findings have been reported in models of rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. However, translating these findings into clinical practice is challenging. Human trials are limited, and systemic administration of TGF-β is complicated by potential side effects, including fibrosis and increased risk of cancer.

Currently, TGF-β is not an approved therapy for autoimmune disorders, but its role as a key regulator of immune tolerance underpins ongoing research into targeted therapies that modulate TGF-β signaling pathways. Thus, the use of TGF-β in autoimmune diseases is justified by scientific evidence from preclinical studies, but more robust clinical data are needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in humans.

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