Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fatty acid or fat/oil supplements, particularly those rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have some scientific validation for their use in supporting certain autoimmune disorders. The rationale is based on the anti-inflammatory properties of these fatty acids, which can modulate immune system activity. Several clinical trials and meta-analyses have examined the effects of omega-3 supplementation in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Evidence suggests that omega-3s can reduce disease activity, joint pain, and morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis, with moderate efficacy. The mechanism involves altering cell membrane phospholipid composition and suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines. However, the evidence is less robust for other autoimmune diseases, and results across studies can be variable. The use of unspecified "proprietary blends" of fats or oils is less well studied compared to standardized omega-3 supplements. Overall, while omega-3 supplementation is not a replacement for disease-modifying therapies, it is recognized as a beneficial adjunct in some autoimmune disorders. The evidence is moderate (rating 3/5) and strongest for rheumatoid arthritis, with less conclusive support for broader application to all autoimmune diseases.

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