Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Prebiotics are non-digestible food components, such as certain fibers and oligosaccharides, that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial gut microbiota. There is growing scientific interest in the role of the gut microbiome in autoimmune disorders, as dysbiosis (imbalance in gut bacteria) has been associated with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some preclinical studies and small human trials suggest that prebiotic supplementation can favorably alter gut microbiota composition and modulate immune responses, potentially reducing inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases. For example, certain prebiotics, such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), have been shown to increase populations of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, which may have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the clinical evidence is still emerging and somewhat inconsistent; while some studies demonstrate benefits, others show little or no effect. Large, well-controlled clinical trials are lacking, and the effects may vary depending on the specific autoimmune condition, type of prebiotic, and individual microbiome differences. Therefore, while there is a scientific rationale for the use of prebiotics in supporting autoimmune disorders, the current evidence base is limited and does not yet support widespread clinical recommendations.

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