Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Nicotinamide (also known as niacinamide), a form of vitamin B3, has garnered scientific interest for its immunomodulatory properties that may be relevant in autoimmune disorders. Preclinical studies suggest that nicotinamide can modulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, and protect against tissue damage in models of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. These effects are believed to be mediated through its action as a precursor for NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), which is vital for cellular energy metabolism and DNA repair, as well as by direct inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Some small-scale clinical studies and case reports have examined nicotinamide’s use in autoimmune conditions. For instance, in type 1 diabetes, early trials in newly diagnosed patients indicated that high-dose nicotinamide could preserve beta-cell function, although larger, more recent studies found limited or no benefit. In dermatology, nicotinamide has demonstrated efficacy in immunologically mediated conditions such as bullous pemphigoid and lupus-related skin manifestations, often as an adjunct to other therapies. Despite these promising findings, evidence remains limited and inconsistent. The bulk of supportive data comes from animal models or small, uncontrolled human studies. Robust, large-scale randomized clinical trials are lacking, and nicotinamide is not routinely recommended as a first-line treatment for autoimmune disorders. Nonetheless, its favorable safety profile and immunomodulatory effects continue to prompt research interest.

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