Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine, and is considered a major intracellular antioxidant. There is scientific interest in its role in immune regulation and oxidative stress, both of which are implicated in autoimmune disorders. Several studies have demonstrated that patients with various autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, often present with decreased levels of glutathione or increased markers of oxidative stress. In vitro and animal studies suggest that glutathione supplementation may modulate immune cell activity and reduce oxidative damage. For example, some research indicates that boosting glutathione levels can suppress inflammatory cytokine production and protect against tissue injury in autoimmune models. However, clinical evidence in humans is limited and of low quality; there are very few well-designed clinical trials investigating oral or intravenous glutathione supplementation for autoimmune disease outcomes. Most available data come from mechanistic or observational studies rather than randomized controlled trials. Therefore, while there is scientific rationale and some preclinical evidence supporting glutathione’s use, robust clinical validation is lacking. Glutathione is used by some integrative and functional medicine practitioners for autoimmune conditions, but its role remains investigational rather than established.

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