Evidence supporting the use of: Fumaric Acid
For the health condition: Autoimmune Disorders
Synopsis
Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4
Fumaric acid esters, particularly dimethyl fumarate (DMF), have a well-established scientific basis for their use in the treatment of certain autoimmune disorders, most notably multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis. DMF is an FDA- and EMA-approved oral medication for relapsing forms of MS and moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. The evidence supporting its efficacy in these conditions comes from multiple large-scale, randomized controlled trials (e.g., DEFINE, CONFIRM for MS; BRIDGE, ESTEEM for psoriasis) that have demonstrated its ability to reduce disease activity, relapse rates, and lesion formation in MS, as well as to improve skin lesions in psoriasis. The proposed mechanism of action of fumaric acid esters involves modulation of the immune system, particularly through activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which reduces oxidative stress and inflammation. Fumaric acid esters also appear to shift T-cell populations from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, further supporting their use in autoimmune conditions. Although DMF and related fumaric acid esters are not used for all autoimmune disorders, there is robust, high-quality evidence for their use in MS and psoriasis. They are not generally used for other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Overall, the use of fumaric acid derivatives in these specific autoimmune conditions is justified by strong scientific validation.
Other ingredients used for Autoimmune Disorders
adrenal cortexamino acids
ashwagandha
astragalus
bacillus subtilis
bifidobacterium infantis
bifidobacterium longum
bupleurum falcatum
cat's claw
colostrum
turmeric
curcumin
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
gamma linolenic acid (GLA)
ginger
green lipped mussel
green tea
immunoglobin G
Indian tinospora
l-glutamine
l-glutathione
l-glycine
lactococcus lactis
lactoferrin
lentinula edodes mycelia
licorice root
luteolin
magnesium
melatonin
n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)
omega-3 fatty acids
prebiotic blend (proprietary)
quercetin
resveratrol
selenium
shiitake mushroom
specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)
turkey tail mushroom
vitamin B12
vitamin C
vitamin D
vitamin D3
vitamin E
whey protein
zinc
shen-chu
tylophora
tinospora cordifolia
herbal blend (proprietary)
AHCC
Andrographolide
Astragaloside
Aureobasidium pullulans
Astragalin
Black Seed
Bifidobacterium
Baikal Skullcap
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
Boswellic Acid
Boswellia
Bacteria
Bifidobacteria
Bee venom
Cortisol
Curcuminoid
C-Phycocyanin
Clostridium butyricum
Cytokines
Cannabigerol
Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid
Other health conditions supported by Fumaric Acid
Autoimmune DisordersInflammation
Multiple Sclerosis
Psoriasis