Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Aureobasidium pullulans is a black yeast-like fungus primarily known for its industrial applications, especially in the production of pullulan, a polysaccharide used in food and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, some strains of A. pullulans have attracted scientific interest for their potential immunomodulatory effects, largely due to the production of specific beta-glucans. These beta-glucans have been studied for their ability to modulate immune responses, including effects on macrophages and cytokine production, which are relevant in autoimmune conditions. Preclinical studies and a handful of small clinical trials (mainly in Japan and some in India) have reported that certain A. pullulans-derived beta-glucans (such as the AFO-202 strain) can help regulate immune function and may reduce inflammatory markers in humans. However, robust clinical evidence supporting their use specifically in treating or supporting autoimmune disorders is limited. Most studies are preliminary, with small sample sizes or conducted in animal models. There is an absence of large-scale, randomized controlled trials directly assessing efficacy in established autoimmune diseases. Thus, while there is a plausible scientific rationale and some early evidence, the overall support for use in autoimmune disorders is weak at present, and more rigorous research is necessary to draw definitive conclusions.

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