Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Ketones, specifically in the context of ketogenic diets or exogenous ketone supplementation, have been investigated as a potential support for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The interest stems primarily from early observations that ketogenic diets, which elevate blood ketone levels, can reduce seizure frequency in epilepsy—a condition that sometimes co-occurs with autism. While there is a theoretical rationale that ketones may affect mitochondrial function, neurotransmitter balance, and neuroinflammation, the direct scientific evidence supporting ketone use for core autism symptoms is limited.

A handful of small pilot studies and case reports have suggested that ketogenic diets may improve some behavioral symptoms or cognitive function in children with ASD, but these studies are generally underpowered, lack controls, or are not blinded. For example, a 2018 review in Frontiers in Psychiatry summarized a few small studies that reported behavioral improvements, but emphasized the need for larger, well-controlled trials. There is some preclinical evidence (animal models) indicating ketone bodies might modulate pathways relevant to autism, but human data are not robust.

Overall, while there is scientific exploration and plausible mechanisms being investigated, the current clinical evidence to support the use of ketones or ketogenic diets as a treatment for autism is weak (rated 2/5). The use of ketones for autism is not based on tradition, but rather on emerging, preliminary scientific interest that has yet to be confirmed by high-quality clinical trials.

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