Ephedrine HCl, an alkaloid derived from the Ephedra plant, has been scientifically studied for its effects on athletic performance and exercise capacity. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that stimulates the central nervous system, increases heart rate, and boosts metabolic rate. Numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that ephedrine, especially when combined with caffeine, can enhance short-term physical performance, increase energy expenditure, and promote weight loss by increasing thermogenesis and fat oxidation. These effects have led to its use in athletic and exercise aids, particularly for its stimulant and weight-reducing properties.

However, the use of ephedrine in sports is controversial due to its potential for adverse cardiovascular effects, such as hypertension, arrhythmia, and increased risk of heart attack or stroke. Its ergogenic effects are generally modest and primarily observed in high-intensity, short-duration activities rather than endurance sports. Due to safety concerns, most major sporting organizations, including the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), have banned ephedrine above certain thresholds, and many regulatory agencies have restricted or prohibited its sale in dietary supplements. Overall, while there is robust scientific evidence for ephedrine’s stimulant and performance-enhancing effects, the risks associated with its use have led to significant regulatory and medical caution.