Vitamin E, which includes tocopherols and tocotrienols, has been studied for its potential role in supporting cardiovascular health, including conditions like arteriosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of artery walls). The scientific rationale for its use is based on its antioxidant properties. Vitamin E can inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is a key factor in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Early observational studies suggested an association between higher Vitamin E intake and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. However, large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have not consistently confirmed these benefits.

For example, the HOPE and ATBC trials found no significant reduction in cardiovascular events with Vitamin E supplementation. A 2022 Cochrane review concluded that Vitamin E supplementation does not have a significant effect on cardiovascular mortality or events. Tocotrienols, a less common form of Vitamin E, have shown some promise in preclinical studies for reducing cholesterol and arterial plaque, but robust clinical evidence is lacking. In summary, while the antioxidant theory provides a plausible mechanism, and there was initial scientific enthusiasm, high-quality clinical evidence does not strongly support the routine use of Vitamin E (tocopherols or tocotrienols) for the treatment or prevention of arteriosclerosis.