Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Sitostanol is a plant stanol, structurally similar to plant sterols, found in small amounts in many plant-based foods. Its primary use in relation to arteriosclerosis (the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup) is based on its well-documented cholesterol-lowering properties. Numerous clinical studies have shown that sitostanol, when added to the diet (usually in the form of fortified spreads or other functional foods), can significantly reduce levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol—often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. Elevated LDL cholesterol is a major risk factor for the development and progression of arteriosclerosis.

Sitostanol works by inhibiting the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the intestines, leading to lower blood cholesterol levels. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews have consistently found that daily intakes of 1.5–2.4 grams of plant stanols can reduce LDL cholesterol by 7–10% over a few weeks. While there is robust evidence that lowering LDL cholesterol can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, the direct evidence that sitostanol itself prevents or treats arteriosclerosis (beyond cholesterol reduction) is limited. Most guidelines recognize plant stanols/sterols as adjuncts to diet and lifestyle modifications for people with high cholesterol.

In summary, there is solid scientific validation for the use of sitostanol to lower LDL cholesterol, a key risk factor in arteriosclerosis, but more research is needed to establish a direct effect on arterial plaque or clinical outcomes. Hence, the evidence level is rated as 3.

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