Evidence supporting the use of: Polyunsaturated fatty acid
For the health condition: Arteriosclerosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) and some plant oils (alpha-linolenic acid), have substantial scientific evidence supporting their role in cardiovascular health, including the prevention and management of arteriosclerosis (also referred to as atherosclerosis). Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with higher intakes of omega-3 PUFAs have lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and clinical trials have demonstrated that supplementation with omega-3s can reduce serum triglyceride levels, decrease blood pressure, and exert anti-inflammatory effects.

The mechanisms by which PUFAs support vascular health include reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, improving endothelial function, decreasing platelet aggregation, and modulating inflammatory responses—factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Notably, major health organizations, such as the American Heart Association, recommend the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids for cardiovascular risk reduction.

While some studies have yielded mixed results regarding the direct impact of PUFAs on atherosclerotic plaque progression or regression, the overall body of evidence supports their beneficial role in reducing risk factors associated with arteriosclerosis. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews generally conclude that omega-3 PUFAs are effective adjuncts in the management of cardiovascular risk, though the magnitude of benefit may vary depending on baseline risk, dosage, and form of supplementation.

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Products containing Polyunsaturated fatty acid

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