Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Nitrates are primarily used in the management of angina pectoris and other manifestations of coronary artery disease due to their vasodilatory effects, which help to relieve chest pain by reducing myocardial oxygen demand. While arteriosclerosis refers more generally to the thickening and stiffening of arterial walls, including atherosclerosis (where plaques form), the use of nitrates is not aimed at reversing or halting the underlying structural changes of arteriosclerosis. Rather, clinical evidence supports their role in symptomatic relief of ischemic symptoms resulting from narrowed or stiffened arteries. Numerous studies have shown that nitrates (such as nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate) reduce angina frequency and improve exercise tolerance in patients with coronary artery disease, a common consequence of arteriosclerosis. However, there is limited to no direct evidence that nitrates modify disease progression or outcomes specifically in arteriosclerosis beyond their symptomatic benefit. Thus, the scientific validity for their use is moderate (rating 3), justified by robust evidence for symptom relief but not for disease modification. Current clinical guidelines recommend nitrates for relief of angina symptoms, which often arise due to underlying arteriosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries.

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