Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), most notably found in olive oil, have scientific support for their role in the prevention and management of arteriosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries). Multiple epidemiological studies, including those examining the Mediterranean diet, have shown that higher intake of MUFAs is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, including arteriosclerosis. The beneficial effects are thought to be due to their ability to improve lipid profiles (by reducing LDL cholesterol and maintaining or increasing HDL cholesterol), reduce oxidative stress, and decrease inflammation—all of which are key contributors to the development of arteriosclerosis.

Clinical trials such as the PREDIMED study have demonstrated that diets rich in MUFAs lower the incidence of major cardiovascular events. Mechanistically, MUFAs may also enhance endothelial function and reduce the tendency of blood to clot, both of which further protect against arterial plaque formation and progression. While not a primary treatment for established arteriosclerosis, dietary MUFA intake is widely recommended by cardiology guidelines as part of an overall heart-healthy diet, reflecting significant scientific validation for their supportive role in both prevention and management of this condition.

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