Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Marine lipids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been extensively studied for their cardiovascular effects, including their role in arteriosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of arterial walls). Scientific evidence indicates that marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids can reduce triglyceride levels, lower blood pressure, decrease inflammation, and improve endothelial function, all of which are relevant mechanisms in the prevention and management of arteriosclerosis.

Large-scale epidemiological studies, such as the landmark GISSI-Prevenzione and JELIS trials, have shown that supplementation with marine omega-3s is associated with reduced risk of major cardiovascular events, which are often caused by arteriosclerotic disease. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews support the notion that omega-3 supplementation can modestly slow the progression of atherosclerotic plaque and reduce cardiovascular mortality. The American Heart Association and other major health organizations recommend marine omega-3s for cardiovascular health, largely based on this body of evidence.

However, while the evidence is robust for secondary prevention (in people with established cardiovascular disease), results in primary prevention are more mixed, and not all studies have shown significant benefit. Nevertheless, the biological plausibility, consistency across studies, and endorsement by clinical guidelines justify the use of marine lipids as an adjunct in managing arteriosclerosis, meriting a high evidence rating.

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