Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lactotripeptides, particularly the peptides Valine-Proline-Proline (VPP) and Isoleucine-Proline-Proline (IPP), are bioactive peptides derived from the enzymatic digestion of milk casein. Scientific interest in these peptides relates to their potential antihypertensive effects, primarily via inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key regulator of blood pressure. Multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that supplementation with lactotripeptides can result in modest reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, especially in individuals with mild hypertension.

Since hypertension is a major risk factor for arteriosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of arterial walls), it is hypothesized that improving blood pressure control with lactotripeptides may indirectly support vascular health and reduce arteriosclerosis risk or progression. However, direct evidence for lactotripeptides in the treatment or prevention of arteriosclerosis itself is limited. Most studies focus on surrogate endpoints like blood pressure or endothelial function rather than clinical or histological measures of arteriosclerosis.

To date, no major guidelines recommend lactotripeptides specifically for arteriosclerosis, and their use is based on extrapolation from blood pressure studies. Thus, while there is a plausible mechanism and some supportive data, the overall evidence specifically for arteriosclerosis is limited, and the clinical significance remains uncertain.

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