Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Flavanols are a group of polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in foods such as cocoa, tea, apples, and berries. Scientific interest in flavanols and cardiovascular health, including arteriosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of arterial walls), has grown over the past two decades. Several clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that flavanol-rich diets can beneficially affect endothelial function, reduce blood pressure, and improve cholesterol profiles, all of which are relevant to arteriosclerosis risk. Mechanisms proposed include increased nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant effects, and anti-inflammatory actions. Meta-analyses (e.g., Hooper et al., 2012, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition) have reported modest but significant improvements in endothelial-dependent vasodilation and blood pressure after consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa or tea. However, most studies use surrogate endpoints (such as flow-mediated dilation) rather than direct measures of arteriosclerosis progression, and there is variability in the flavanol content and bioavailability in supplements or foods. While traditional use of specific flavanol-rich foods for cardiovascular health exists, the modern use of purified or mixed flavanol supplements is primarily scientifically driven. Therefore, while the evidence is promising, it remains moderate, with a need for longer-term trials assessing hard clinical endpoints related to arteriosclerosis.

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