Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Alcohol, particularly in the form of moderate red wine consumption, has been associated with potential cardiovascular benefits in epidemiological studies. Historically, observations of lower rates of cardiovascular disease in populations consuming moderate amounts of alcohol — known as the "French Paradox" — led to interest in its possible protective role against arteriosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of arterial walls). Some scientific studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is considered "good" cholesterol, and may also have anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects. Polyphenols in red wine, such as resveratrol, have been studied for their antioxidant properties, which may contribute to vascular health. However, the evidence is mixed and observational, with no large randomized controlled trials demonstrating causation or recommending alcohol as a treatment.

The American Heart Association and other health authorities do not recommend starting to drink alcohol for heart health, as the risks (addiction, liver disease, cancer, accidents) can outweigh potential benefits. Any benefit appears to be limited to low-to-moderate intake (typically defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two for men). Heavy or binge drinking is clearly associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In summary, while there is some scientific evidence supporting a possible protective association between moderate alcohol intake and atherosclerosis, the evidence is not strong enough to support its use as a treatment, and alcohol is not recommended for this purpose.

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