Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Carbohydrates play a well-documented role in the regulation of appetite and energy intake. Scientific studies indicate that carbohydrate consumption can influence hunger and satiety through several physiological mechanisms. When carbohydrates are consumed, they increase blood glucose and insulin levels, which in turn can affect the secretion of appetite-regulating hormones such as ghrelin (the "hunger hormone") and leptin (the "satiety hormone"). Research has shown that meals containing carbohydrates, especially those with a high glycemic index, can lead to a rapid increase in blood glucose followed by a decline, which may stimulate appetite and lead to increased food intake in some individuals. Conversely, complex carbohydrates and fiber-rich foods are associated with increased satiety and reduced subsequent hunger due to slower digestion and prolonged nutrient absorption.

Carbohydrate supplementation is also used clinically in cases of appetite loss due to illness, malnutrition, or during recovery from surgery, where providing easily digestible calories is important to stimulate eating and energy intake. However, the evidence is mixed regarding the effectiveness of carbohydrates in consistently improving appetite in all populations, and individual responses can vary. Overall, there is moderate scientific support for the use of carbohydrates to manage or stimulate appetite, particularly in the context of energy deficiency or clinical nutrition, but more research is needed to clarify optimal types and amounts for appetite stimulation in various settings.

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