Evidence supporting the use of: Ginkgo biloba
For the health condition: Apathy

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Ginkgo biloba is sometimes used to support or treat apathy, particularly in the context of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Scientific evidence for this use comes mainly from studies examining the broader behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), where apathy is a common symptom. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have investigated the effects of standardized Ginkgo biloba extracts (such as EGb 761) on cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Some studies, including a 2010 meta-analysis published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, have suggested that Ginkgo biloba may have a modest positive effect on neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, including apathy, agitation, and depression, when compared to placebo. However, the evidence is not robust or consistent, and most studies suffer from methodological limitations such as small sample sizes or short durations. The mechanism is hypothesized to involve improved cerebral blood flow, antioxidant properties, and potential modulation of neurotransmitter systems.

While Ginkgo biloba has a longstanding traditional use for cognitive and circulatory support, its specific use for apathy is driven more by recent scientific exploration than by historical tradition. Overall, the clinical evidence supporting its use specifically for apathy is limited and mixed, leading to a moderate-to-low rating of 2 out of 5 for evidence strength. More high-quality, large-scale trials focusing specifically on apathy are needed to draw firmer conclusions.

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