Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Lactobacillus lactis (more commonly referred to as Lactococcus lactis in scientific literature) is a type of lactic acid bacteria that has been explored, along with other probiotics, for its potential to mitigate the side effects of antibiotics, particularly antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of gut microbiota, leading to digestive issues such as diarrhea, bloating, and discomfort. Probiotics, including L. lactis, are thought to help restore this balance by replenishing beneficial bacteria.

Several clinical studies and meta-analyses have shown that probiotics in general, especially strains from the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces, can reduce the risk and severity of AAD. However, much of the strongest evidence is focused on specific strains such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii. Evidence for L. lactis specifically is less robust but growing; some studies have demonstrated its efficacy in restoring gut flora and reducing gastrointestinal symptoms after antibiotic use.

The mechanism of action is thought to involve competitive inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, production of antimicrobial substances, and modulation of the immune response. While L. lactis is considered safe and is widely used in fermented foods, its specific role as a probiotic adjunct to antibiotics is supported by moderate scientific evidence, justifying a middling rating. More large-scale, strain-specific research would help clarify its precise benefits.

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