Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Bifidobacterium lactis is a probiotic bacterium commonly used to help mitigate the side effects of antibiotics, particularly antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Scientific evidence supports its use, though the strength of evidence is moderate rather than definitive. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that various probiotic strains, including B. lactis, can reduce the incidence and severity of AAD, especially in children and adults taking broad-spectrum antibiotics. The proposed mechanism is that B. lactis helps restore the natural balance of gut microbiota that is disrupted by antibiotics, thereby preventing overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridioides difficile and reducing gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea and bloating.

Some clinical studies have specifically examined formulations containing B. lactis (sometimes in combination with other probiotics) and found a reduced risk of diarrhea compared to placebo. However, results can be strain-specific and not all studies agree on magnitude of benefit. Overall, guidelines from several professional societies (such as the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition) recognize probiotics, including B. lactis, as a reasonable adjunct in select populations to reduce AAD risk. The evidence is stronger in pediatric populations and for prevention rather than treatment. More research is needed to establish optimal strains, doses, and populations who benefit most.

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