Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Bifidobacterium, a genus of probiotic bacteria, has scientific evidence supporting its use in alleviating the side effects of antibiotics, particularly antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that supplementation with Bifidobacterium (often in combination with other probiotics like Lactobacillus) can reduce the incidence and severity of diarrhea caused by antibiotics. The mechanism is thought to involve restoration of the gut microbiota that is disrupted when antibiotics reduce the populations of beneficial bacteria, leading to overgrowth of pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile. Bifidobacterium species help maintain gut barrier integrity and modulate immune responses, further contributing to their protective effects. Clinical guidelines, such as those from the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), state that certain strains of Bifidobacterium (e.g., B. lactis, B. breve) can be considered for prevention of AAD in children. While efficacy is strain-specific and not all Bifidobacterium supplements are equally effective, the weight of the evidence supports the general use of these probiotics for antibiotic side effect management. Overall, Bifidobacterium is widely used and recommended for this purpose in clinical practice, supported by a substantial body of scientific research.

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