Vitamin A (including its ester form, retinyl palmitate) has scientific evidence supporting its role in the treatment and prevention of certain types of anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia. Several studies have shown that vitamin A supplementation can improve hemoglobin levels and hematologic status, especially in populations where vitamin A deficiency is prevalent. The mechanism involves vitamin A’s role in mobilizing iron from stores and facilitating its incorporation into hemoglobin. Additionally, vitamin A is important for erythropoiesis (the production of red blood cells) and immune function, both of which can impact anemia risk and recovery.

Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, especially in children and pregnant women in developing countries, have demonstrated that vitamin A supplementation, alone or in combination with iron, can reduce the prevalence of anemia more effectively than iron supplementation alone. For example, a meta-analysis published in the journal Public Health Nutrition (2012) concluded that vitamin A supplementation significantly increased hemoglobin concentrations and reduced anemia risk in children. However, the effect is moderate and appears most pronounced where vitamin A deficiency and anemia coexist.

While vitamin A is not a primary treatment for anemia in well-nourished populations, its adjunct use is scientifically validated in specific contexts where deficiency is likely. Thus, the evidence supporting vitamin A for anemia is moderate but context-dependent.