Euphorbia, a diverse genus of plants, has been used traditionally in various systems of medicine—particularly Ayurveda and folk remedies—in the management of anorectal disorders such as anal fissures and fistulas. In Ayurveda, certain Euphorbia species (notably Euphorbia hirta and Euphorbia neriifolia) are sometimes cited as ingredients in topical or internal formulations intended to reduce inflammation, promote wound healing, and relieve pain associated with these conditions. The latex or extracts are believed to have astringent, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties according to traditional knowledge.

However, the scientific evidence validating these uses is minimal. There are very few clinical studies or pharmacological investigations directly assessing the efficacy or safety of Euphorbia preparations in the treatment of anal fissures or fistulas. The evidence that does exist is largely anecdotal or derived from broader claims about wound healing and antimicrobial effects in in vitro or animal models, rather than rigorously controlled human studies for anorectal disease. Additionally, Euphorbia latex is known to be highly irritant and toxic if not properly processed, raising safety concerns.

In summary, the use of Euphorbia for anal fissures or fistulas is rooted in traditional practice with very limited empirical support. The overall quality and quantity of evidence is weak, justifying a low evidence rating.