Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from five-carbon isoprene units. There is scientific interest in the potential of certain terpenoids to support or treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), primarily based on preclinical and early clinical studies. Research has shown that some terpenoids, such as ginkgolides (from Ginkgo biloba), curcumin (from turmeric), and cannabinoids (from cannabis), possess neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be beneficial in slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Furthermore, animal and cell studies suggest that terpenoids can inhibit beta-amyloid aggregation and reduce neuroinflammation—two key pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.

However, evidence from human clinical trials remains limited and inconclusive. For example, while Ginkgo biloba extract (rich in terpenoids) has been studied in several randomized controlled trials, results have been mixed, with some studies reporting modest cognitive benefits and others showing no significant effect. The mechanisms by which terpenoids might exert positive effects in AD are still under investigation, and their clinical efficacy has not been firmly established. Thus, while there is a scientific rationale and preclinical evidence to support ongoing research, current clinical evidence supporting the use of terpenoids in Alzheimer's disease is weak, justifying a relatively low evidence rating.

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