Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), have been investigated for their potential role in supporting cognitive function in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The scientific rationale stems from the critical role of phospholipids in maintaining neuronal membrane integrity, signal transduction, and neurotransmitter synthesis, all of which are disrupted in AD. Several small clinical trials have evaluated phosphatidylserine supplementation in elderly individuals with memory complaints or mild cognitive impairment, with some studies suggesting modest benefits in memory, attention, and cognitive performance. However, evidence specifically in Alzheimer's Disease patients is limited and generally shows only small or transient effects.

The American Academy of Neurology and other major Alzheimer’s organizations do not currently recommend phospholipid supplementation as a standard treatment, citing insufficient evidence of meaningful clinical benefit. Most studies are limited by small sample sizes, short durations, and heterogeneity in study populations and phospholipid formulations. While the mechanism of action is plausible and animal studies are supportive, robust, large-scale, placebo-controlled trials demonstrating significant benefit in AD are lacking. Thus, phospholipids cannot be considered an established or primary treatment for Alzheimer’s but may be used as an adjunct in some settings due to their safety profile. The overall evidence rating is 2, reflecting early-stage human research with suggestive but inconclusive results.

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